The Power of Ten Frames: A Simple and Effective Way to Teach Early Numeracy
As parents, we want to give our children a strong foundation in numeracy, but teaching Maths to preschoolers doesn’t have to be overwhelming. One simple yet powerful tool you can use at home is the ten frame method. This visual approach helps young children develop number sense, understand addition and subtraction, and build confidence in Maths.
In this blog post, we’ll explore why ten frames are beneficial and how you can use them in playful ways to teach your preschooler early numeracy.
What is a Ten Frame?
A ten frame is a simple rectangular grid with two rows of five boxes, making a total of ten spaces. Small objects or counters are placed in these boxes to represent numbers.
For example, if you put five counters in a ten frame, your child can see that half of the frame is filled. This makes it easier for them to visualise the number 5 and how it relates to 10.
Illustration from storybook - The Breakfast Surprise - perfect for learning counting and one-to-one correspondence
Why is the Ten Frame Method So Effective?
1. Helps Develop Strong Number Sense
Instead of rote counting, ten frames encourage children to recognise numbers in relation to 10. This builds a deeper understanding of numbers and their relationships.
2. Supports Early Addition and Subtraction
Ten frames help children see how numbers can be combined or broken apart. For example, they can visually understand that 4 + 3 = 7 by adding more counters.
3. Encourages Subitising (Recognising Numbers Instantly)
Subitising is the ability to recognise a number without counting each object one by one. A filled ten frame allows children to instantly "see" numbers, improving their mental Maths skills.
4. Prepares for Place Value and Multiplication
Understanding numbers in groups of ten lays a strong foundation for place value and multiplication concepts in later years.
5. Makes Learning Hands-On and Fun
Using ten frames with small objects, stickers, or even snacks makes learning interactive and engaging for young children.
How to Use Ten Frames to Teach Your Preschooler
Here are some playful ways to introduce ten frames to your child at home:
1. Counting and Number Recognition
How to play:
Place a few counters on the ten frame and ask, “How many do you see?”
Encourage your child to count and say the number.
Tip: Use small toys, buttons, or even cereal pieces to make it fun!
2. Making 10 (Number Bonds)
How to play:
Place 6 counters on the ten frame and ask, “How many more do we need to make 10?”
Encourage your child to fill the empty spaces and count the missing number.
Why this helps: It builds an early understanding of addition and number bonds.
3. Simple Addition with Ten Frames
How to play:
Start with 3 counters on the ten frame.
Add 2 more and ask, “How many do we have now?”
Encourage your child to count or visually see the total.
Why this helps: It makes addition concrete and visual.
4. Simple Subtraction with Ten Frames
How to play:
Place 8 counters on the ten frame.
Remove 3 and ask, “How many are left?”
Let your child count the remaining counters.
Why this helps: Seeing numbers being taken away helps children grasp subtraction easily.
5. Comparing Numbers
How to play:
Place 7 counters on one ten frame and 4 on another.
Ask, “Which one has more?”
Encourage your child to compare and explain their reasoning.
Why this helps: It develops logical thinking and number comparison skills.
Making Ten Frames at Home
You don’t need fancy materials to start using ten frames! Here are some easy DIY ideas:
✅ Draw a ten frame on a piece of paper and use buttons or coins as counters.
✅ Use an egg carton (cut it to 10 spaces) and place small objects inside.
✅ Use LEGO blocks—place them on a ten frame template for a hands-on approach.
✅ Make a magnetic ten frame with a whiteboard and magnets for a reusable option.
Psst, you can also find one in our Curious Little Critters Maths Adventures Play & Learn Activity Book - Addition within 20
Final Thoughts
Ten frames are a powerful yet simple tool that helps preschoolers develop a strong sense of numbers in a visual and interactive way. By incorporating them into play, you can make early numeracy fun, engaging, and meaningful for your child.
Try out these activities and watch your little one’s confidence in Maths grow!
